The Colon Wellness Center

Upper GI Disorders

Barrett’s Esophagus

Barrett's Esophagus is a change in the tissue at the end of the esophagus near the stomach. The change occurs at a cellular level and, over time, can lead to cancer.

What causes Barrett's Esophagus?

The change occurs because of acid reflux that accompanies gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD is caused by a weakened sphincter (muscle around the opening) between the stomach and esophagus. The muscle can be weakened by excess weight, smoking, certain medications or foods, and/or a hiatal hernia. The stomach contents are extremely acidic to facilitate digestion. The stomach lining is designed to handle acids well. The esophagus, however, becomes inflamed when exposed to strong acids. over time, this can lead to the cell changes associated with Barrett's Esophagus. The changed lining is not normal. If the lining continues to be exposed to stomach acid, it is more likely to become cancer in the future.

What are the symptoms of GERD?

Symptoms include:

• Heartburn
• Sour-tasting fluid backing up into your mouth
• Frequent burping or belching
• Symptoms that get worse after you eat, bend over, or lie down
• Some patients have GERD and have NO symptoms

How is Barrett's Esophagus diagnosed?

The best way to diagnose Barrett's Esophagus is with a test called an endoscopy. Endoscopy is an internal examination of your esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). The endoscope is a long, thin, flexible instrumet that is placed through the mouth, and into the digestive tract. If the physician suspects Barrett's Esophagus, she/he will take tiny tissue samples and send them to the laboratory to be analyzed. The endoscopy is a simple exam and usually takes less than ten minutes to complete. Your physician will tell you how to prepare for the exam and you need to follow the instructions carefully.

If I have been diagnosed with Barrett's Esophagus, what treatments will be prescribed?

Your physician will give you individualized instructions.

• Many physicians will recommend periodic exams to check the lining of the esophagus.
• Your physician may prescribe medication to help control your GERD.
• Your physician or pharmacist can tell you which medications may make GERD worse.
• Lifestyle changes can improve symptoms and prevent further damage. For example:
• Lose weight
• Avoid alcohol, chocolate, tomatoes, mints, fatty foods
• Avoid tobacco
• Avoid eating before bed. Don't lie down after meals.
• Raise the head of your bed on six-inch blocks.
• Exercise. Not only does this help you lose weight, but it improves your symptoms.
• Surgery is usually only a last resort, but may be required for reflux that doesn't improve with treatment.

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